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Gigantic Sea Monster Skull Pulled From The Cliffs Of The Jurassic Coast

What happens when the monsters from folklore start to turn up in the real world? 

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A 2m (6ft 5in)-long fossil was extracted from the cliffs of Dorset’s Jurassic Coast this month. 

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This fossil is one of the most complete specimens of its type ever discovered, giving new insights into this ancient predator.

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As the sheet covering the fossil was pulled back, there were immediate gasps from those in the room. 

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Local paleontologist Steve Etches believes there isn’t any other specimen that matches this one. 

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Once the fossil was revealed, it was immediately obvious that this skull is huge and beautifully preserved.

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“It’s one of the best fossils I’ve ever worked on. What makes it unique is it’s complete,” Etches tells BBC News.

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“The lower jaw and the upper skull are meshed together, as they would be in life,” Etches continued. 

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He went on to say, “Worldwide, there’s hardly any specimens ever found to that level of detail.”

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“And if they are, a lot of the bits are missing, whereas this, although it’s slightly distorted – it’s got every bone present,” he raved. 

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To give you an idea of just how big this creature was, the skull itself is taller than most humans. 

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It also boasts a whopping 130 teeth, which are all long and razor sharp. 

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The skull belongs to a pliosaur, a ferocious marine reptile that terrorized the oceans about 150 million years ago.

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The pliosaur was the ultimate killing machine and at 10-12m long, with four powerful flipper-like limbs to propel itself at high speed, it was the apex predator in the ocean.

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“The animal would have been so massive that I think it would have been able to prey effectively on anything that was unfortunate enough to be in its space,” says Dr Andre Rowe from Bristol University.

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“I have no doubt that this was sort of like an underwater T. rex,” he continued. 

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As for how this one-of-a-kind fossil was discovered, it all started with a stroll along a beach near Kimmeridge Bay on southern England’s famous World Heritage Jurassic Coast.

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Steve Etches’ friend and fellow fossil enthusiast Phil Jacobs came across the tip of the snout of the pliosaur lying in the shingle. 

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It was too heavy to carry, so he went to get Steve. Together, the pair rigged a makeshift stretcher to take the fossil fragment to safety.

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After that, a drone survey of the towering cliff face pinpointed a likely location for the rest of the animal. 

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The only way to excavate it was to abseil down from the top.

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Palaeobiologist Prof Emily Rayfield has already examined the large circular openings at the rear of the head. 

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They tell her about the size of the muscles operating the jaws of the pliosaur, and the forces generated as its mouth snapped shut and crushed its prey.

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At the top end, this comes out at about 33,000 newtons. For context, the most powerful jaws in living animals are found on saltwater crocodiles, at 16,000 newtons.

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“If you can generate a really powerful bite, you can incapacitate your prey; it’s less likely to get away,” she said of the skull. 

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A powerful bite means you’re also able to crunch through tissue and bone quite effectively,” the Bristol researcher explained.

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Steve Etches will put the skull on display next year at his museum in Kimmeridge – the Etches Collection.

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Now, he is focused on extracting the rest of the fossil. 

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“I stake my life the rest of the animal is there,” he tells BBC News. “And it really should come out because it’s in a very rapidly eroding environment.”